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LANG=CID="90199"Media Control Panels User's GuideDocument Number 007-2276-002ContributorsWritten by Kathy ChaixEdited by Christina CaryTechnical Contributions by Bob Abbott, Wiltse Carpenter, Grant Dorman, Ed Ho, Gints Kilmanis, Tony Masterson, Bob Williams© Copyright 1994, Silicon Graphics, Inc.name='mdash' font=symbol charset=fontspecific code=190 
			descr='[mdash]' All Rights ReservedThis document contains proprietary and confidential information of Silicon Graphics, Inc. The contents of this document may not be disclosed to third parties, copied, or duplicated in any form, in whole or in part, without the prior written permission of Silicon Graphics, Inc.Restricted Rights LegendUse, duplication, or disclosure of the technical data contained in this document by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subdivision (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 52.227-7013 and/or in similar or successor clauses in the FAR, or in the DOD or NASA FAR Supplement. Unpublished rights reserved under the Copyright Laws of the United States. Contractor/manufacturer is Silicon Graphics, Inc., 2011 N. Shoreline Blvd., Mountain View, CA 94043-1389.Silicon Graphics and IRIS are registered trademarks and IRIS Showcase, IRIX, and WorkSpace, Indy Video, Indigo2 Video, and Galileo Video are trademarks of Silicon Graphics, Inc. Sony is a registered trademark of Sony Corporation. PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, licensed exclusively through X/Open Company, Ltd. X Window System is a trademark of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. About This GuideThis manual contains these chapters:IDREF="77100" TYPE="TITLE"Chapter 1, "Video Panel," describes the Video Panel and how to use it to select an input source, set controls on the video input signal, and run programs that present video in a window. IDREF="11434" TYPE="TITLE"Chapter 2, "Audio Panel," describes the Audio Control Panel and how to use it to select the volume and sampling rate for various audio applications. IDREF="90879" TYPE="TITLE"Appendix A, "Video Control Panel for Indigo Workstations," describes the Video Control Panel that ships with Indigo workstations and with Indigo workstations with IndigoVideo installed.The IDREF="69569" TYPE="TEXT"IDREF="69569" TYPE="TEXT"Glossary defines video and audio terms that may be unfamiliar to you.This guide assumes that you are familiar with the IRIX system software and the terminology that describes it. If this is not the case, please refer to IDREF="29162" BOOK="IRISEssentials" FILE="front.doc" HDG=""IRIS Essentials for general instructions on how to use the system.LBL="" HELPID=""Typographical ConventionsThis guide uses the following conventions:References to other documents are in italics.References to other chapters and sections within this guide are in quotation marks.Names of buttons are in italics.Names of menu choices are in quotation marks.Step-by-step instructions used to perform a task are shown as numbered sentences. These may be followed by additional instructions, marked with a small box, that further explain the step. LBL="1"ID="77100"Video PanelThis chapter contains these sections:IDREF="36846" TYPE="TITLE""Video Overview"IDREF="31486" TYPE="TITLE""Adjusting the Video Signal"IDREF="24749" TYPE="TITLE""Video Panel on an Indy"IDREF="78492" TYPE="TITLE""Video Panel on Systems With Optional Video"IDREF="67610" TYPE="TITLE""Setting the Default Input to Indy CamÔ"IDREF="95126" TYPE="TITLE""Connecting a VCR or Video Camera"IDREF="38103" TYPE="TITLE""Displaying Video in a Window"IDREF="74608" TYPE="TITLE""Sending Graphics to Video"IDREF="57703" TYPE="TITLE""Synchronizing Graphics To Video"IDREF="81176" TYPE="TITLE""Using the Command Line Tools To Output and Save Video Frames"IDREF="26138" TYPE="TITLE""Saving Single Frames"IDREF="59019" TYPE="TITLE""Using the Pro Panels"IDREF="75870" TYPE="TITLE""Troubleshooting Problems With Video"LBL="" HELPID="Vcp.about"ID="36846"Video OverviewThe Video Panel displays the capabilities of video devices connected to your workstation and lets you control the signals sent by those devices. It is the first tool you use to get your workstation ready to save graphics or video to make movies you can then record to videotape. Use the Video Panel to:control the signals coming from a camera or VCR hooked up to your workstation.adjust the quality of the incoming and outgoing video signals.send video and graphics to videotape.The Video Panel works in conjunctions with other Silicon Graphics, Inc. media tools to let you combine audio and video clips into movies you can play on your workstation or download to videotape. Here's how the tools work together:Use the Video Panel in conjunction with the Audio Panel to adjust and stabilize the video and audio input signals. Click the words APP="/usr/sbin/vcp" PARMS=""Video Panel
 to open the Video Panel. Click the words APP="/usr/sbin/vcp" PARMS=""APP="/usr/sbin/apanel" PARMS=""Audio Panel
 to open the Audio Panel.Use the Capture tool to save incoming video to disk. Click the word APP="/usr/sbin/capture" PARMS=""Capture
 to open the Capture tool. Use APP="/usr/sbin/soundeditor" PARMS=""Sound Editor
 and APP="/usr/sbin/soundeditor" PARMS=""APP="/usr/sbin/moviemaker" PARMS=""Movie Maker
 to add audio and edit the video you've saved.Use APP="/usr/sbin/moviemaker" PARMS=""APP="/usr/sbin/movieplayer" PARMS=""Movie Player
 to playback your movie during the editing process. Use the Video Panel and Audio Panel again at the end of the editorial process to adjust the output for recording to videotape.The Video Panel contains settings that let you tell the workstation what kind of signal to expect from VCRs, video cameras, and other video equipment connected to it. If you have a VCR connected to your workstation, the signal coming from the VCR must be timed to match the signal the workstation expects. Use the Video Panel to adjust the signals and lock them together.The Video Panel also contains a variety of "professional" settings that let you adjust for digital, component analog, or composite analog signals. Once you've set the workstation to expect a certain combination of elements, use the Pro menu to make chroma, gain, and other changes to the digital and analog signals.NoteWhenever you see a reference to "save" in this documentation, it refers to saving video or graphics to a file on your disk. When you "record" something you are recording video, graphics, or both to videotape. If you don't have optional video hardware installed on your workstation, see IDREF="24749" TYPE="TITLE""Video Panel on an Indy."If you have a Galileo VideoÔ, Indigo2 VideoÔ, or Indy VideoÔ installed on your workstation, see IDREF="78492" TYPE="TITLE""Video Panel on Systems With Optional Video."If you are working on an Indigo workstation or on an Indigo workstation with Indigo Video, see IDREF="90879" TYPE="TITLE"Appendix A, "Video Control Panel for Indigo Workstations."LBL="" HELPID="Vcp.menus"ID="31486"Adjusting the Video SignalID="38341"Use the commands available from the Menu Bar to adjust the video signal. There are five commands: File, Device, Pro, Utility, and Help.LBL="" HELPID="Vcp.file"Adjusting the Settings Using the File Menu CommandsThe commands under the File menu let you save the settings or adjustments you have made on the Video Panel.Save Current SettingsLets you save any adjustments you have made to the Video Panel controls. These adjustments apply to any video input or output.Restore Current SettingsRestores the setting saved previously using the "Save Current Settings" commands. Using this command, you can make temporary adjustments and restore your saved settings when you finish.Restore Factory SettingsRestores the factory settings.QuitCloses the Video Panel.LBL="" HELPID="Vcp.device"Choosing a Device From the Device MenuThe Device menu lists the optional video equipment installed in your workstation. Choose the device you want the Video Panel settings to affect.LBL="" HELPID="Vcp.pro"Making Sophisticated Adjustments Using the ProPanelsThe Pro menu gives you access to the "professional" settings sophisticated users need to adjust the video signal. Choose one of the panels from the rollover menu to change the video signals set at the factory. Device ControlsLets you set trigger input and field dominance.Analog Video InputLets you adjust the video input signal.Analog Video OutputLets you adjust the video output signal.Digital VideoLets you adjust the digital video signal.See IDREF="59019" TYPE="TITLE""Using the Pro Panels" for more information about the different adjustments you can make to the video signal.LBL="" HELPID="Vcp.utility"Using the Video In and Video Out UtilitiesThe commands in the Utilities menu let you run applications that save incoming video to disk, record video to videotape, and launch the Audio Control Panel.Live Video InputLets you display video input in a window on your graphics monitor.Live Video OutputLets you send graphics from your graphics monitor out to a TV or VCR.Audio Control PanelOpens the Audio Control Panel so you can adjust the audio input, output, and rates.LBL="" HELPID="Vcp.indy"ID="24749"Video Panel on an IndyThe Video Panel that appears on Indy workstations is shown in IDREF="44786" TYPE="GRAPHIC"Figure 1-1. If you have a workstation that contains optional video hardware, see IDREF="78492" TYPE="TITLE""Video Panel on Systems With Optional Video."FILE="vino.bw" POSITION="INLINE" SCALE="FALSE"LBL="1-1"Figure 1-1 ID="44786"Indy Video PanelThe Indy workstation supports input from the Indy Cam, which is a digital source, and one analog source, such as a VCR or video camera. It does not support video output. On workstations without additional video hardware, you can use the Video Panel to:choose either the Indy Cam or an analog source as the default input.adjust the Indy Cam picture by clicking the White Balance button.choose Composite or S-video input timing for an analog source.specify the video signal for an analog source.LBL="" HELPID="Vcp.indydevices"The Devices Region on an IndyThe Devices region lets you choose the video input source. The Indy workstation does not support video out without additional hardware. Default InChoose the Indy Cam or an analog device as the source of the incoming video signal. If you have an Indy Cam and an analog device (such as a video camera) connected to your workstation, you can toggle between these two to change the input source.LBL="" HELPID="Vcp.indyinputs"The Inputs Region on an IndyThe Inputs region lets you adjust the incoming video signal.Indy CamIf you have an Indy Cam, click the White Balance button to adjust the picture to correct for the light in your environment.Analog Video Input:Lock to VTRIf your workstation is connected to a VCR, click the Lock to VTR button to stabilize the incoming signal. This helps improve picture quality.Video FormatChoose "Composite" or "S-video" depending on the kind of equipment you are using as an input source. Most VCRs and video cameras send composite signals. Most high-end consumer VCRs and video cameras send and receive S-video signals. (Composite equipment is connected to your workstation with RCA cables. S-video equipment is connected to your workstation using mini-DIN connectors.) Input TimingSelect the signal timing to be the same as the video equipment. See NTSC and PAL and the video equipment owner's manual.LBL="" HELPID="Vcp.optional"ID="78492"Video Panel on Systems With Optional VideoThe Video Panel changes if you have Indy Video, Indigo2 Video, or Galileo Video installed on your workstation. The Video Panel that appears when these products are installed is shown in IDREF="57913" TYPE="GRAPHIC"Figure 1-2.NoteIf you are working on an entry Indigo workstation with an IndigoVideo board, see IDREF="90879" TYPE="TEXT"IDREF="90879" TYPE="TEXT"IDREF="90879" TYPE="TITLE"Appendix A, "Video Control Panel for Indigo Workstations."FILE="galileo.bw" POSITION="INLINE" SCALE="FALSE"LBL="1-2"Figure 1-2 ID="57913"Video Panel on System with Optional VideoNoteYou'll notice that on systems with Indigo2 Video, there is no facility for choosing pixel format in the Outputs region of the panel. Indigo2 Video doesn't have component video features.LBL="" HELPID="Vcp.option.device"The Devices Region on Systems With Optional VideoThe Devices region contains the controls that let you set up the software to accept a specific video input.601 Option GenlockThis button is available only on workstations with Galileo Video. Put a checkmark in the box to improve signal quality if you are in genlock sync mode with CCIR timing.Default InSpecify whether the incoming signal is digital or analog.Default OutSpecify whether the outgoing signal is digital or analog.Input TimingSelect the signal timing to be the same as the video equipment. See NTSC, PAL, and CCIR 601.SyncDetermines the timing source for all video outputs. Synchronizes video output to an incoming signal or allows hardware to generate independent timing internally. See internal, slave, and genlock.Genlock SrcSets the source of the timing signal. This is only valid when Sync is set to a mode of slave or genlock.LBL="" HELPID="Vcp.option.input"Inputs Region on Systems With Optional VideoThe Inputs region lets you adjust the incoming signal.Lock to VTRIf you workstation is connected to a VCR, click the Lock to VTR button to stabilize the incoming signal. This helps improve picture quality.Synchronizer ModeLocks the signals together and selects the input source. If you are using the Indy Cam or another video camera, you don't have to lock the signals.Input SourceSelect the video signal that matches the signal being sent by the input source.LBL="" HELPID="Vcp.option.output"Outputs Region on Systems With Optional VideoThe Outputs region lets you select the output format. Lock to VTRClick the Lock to VTR button to stabilize video output. This helps improve picture quality.Pixel FormatChoose the pixel format for the component video signal. You don't have to choose a format if your equipment is composite or s-video. See the glossary for information about YUV and RGB.LBL="" HELPID="Vcp.indycam"ID="67610"Setting the Default Input to Indy CamÔIf you have an Indy workstation, you also received an Indy Cam video camera. To receive video input from the Indy Cam:Plug the camera into the back of the workstation.See the Indy Workstation Owner's Guide for instructions.On the Video Panel set the DefaultInput setting to IndyCam.LBL="" HELPID=""Setting the White Balance The white balance sets the natural range of colors. The balance is set in the factory, but you may want to adjust it to fit your own environment. To adjust the white balance, click the White Balance button on the Video Panel.LBL="" HELPID=""ID="72859"Adjusting the Indy Cam Video DisplayTo fine-tune the color display, change the shutter speed, use the freeze frame control, or adjust the lighting and contrast, use the Indy Cam Controls panel. From the Pro Menu choose "IndyCam" and rollover to the Indy Cam Control panel. See IDREF="59019" TYPE="TITLE""Using the Pro Panels" for a description of the fields in the Pro Panel.LBL="" HELPID="Vcp.equip"ID="95126"ID="74828"Connecting a VCR or Video CameraYour workstation supports four types of video signal: composite analog, S-video, component analog, and component digital. It's important that you know what kind of signal your equipment sends and that you use the right kind of cable to connect it to your workstation. composite analogMost consumer VCRs and camcorders send composite signals. Connect this equipment to your workstation with RCA cables. S-video (Y/C)Most high-end consumer VCRs and camcorders send and receive s-video signals. S-video carries the luminance (brightness) and chrominance (color) components of the picture on separate wires (Y and C). S-video connectors are also called Y/C connectors. Connect s-video equipment to your workstation using mini-DIN connectors. Most VCRs that use S-VHS and Hi-8mm tape feature s-video connectors.component analogUsed by professional equipment to produce higher-quality video. Connect component equipment to your workstation with BNC connectors. component digitalUsed by professional equipment to produce higher-quality video. Connect component digital equipment to your workstation with BNC connectors. You can buy BNC and mini-DIN cables at stores that sell camera, television, or computer equipment.Follow these steps to adjust the Video Panel for a signal coming from a VCR or video camera:Connect the video equipment to the back of your workstation. If you've installed one of the video option boards, see the owner's guide that came with the option for information on how to connect video equipment to your workstation. Use the Video Panel to choose the Default Input.Choose the Input Timing standard.If you are unsure which standard to choose, check the documentation that came with your video equipment. See NTSC, PAL, or CCIR.Leave the Sync and Genlock Src defaults.If you are using analog video input, select "Composite" or "S-video" next to Input Select.LBL="" HELPID="Vcp.window"ID="38103"Displaying Video in a WindowTo display video from videotape to your workstation screen, you must have a camera or VCR connected to your workstation. See IDREF="95126" TYPE="TITLE""Connecting a VCR or Video Camera."Use the videoin tool to display video in a window. Follow these steps:From the Utilities Menu choose "Live Video Input."A window appears that displays the video input source you've specified. Resize the window by pulling the corners or by using the + and - keys. LBL="" HELPID="Vcp.gfxtotape"ID="74608"Sending Graphics to VideoTo record graphics and audio from your workstation screen to videotape, you'll need:a VCRa microphone to record audio (one came standard with your workstation)A 3.5mm stereo jack to RCA adaptortwo RCA-to-RCA cables (one for audio and one for video) if you are recording to Hi8mm or S-VHS you will need a mini-DIN-to-mini-DIN cable as well.Follow these steps:Connect the RCA-to-3.5mm adapter to Line Out on your workstation.Connect one end of the RCA cable to the adaptor in Line Out.Connect the other end of the RCA cable to Line In on your VCR. Using the second RCA-to-RCA cable, connect Video Out on your workstation to Video In on your VCR.Open the Audio Panel. Click the words APP="/usr/sbin/movieplayer" PARMS=""APP="/usr/sbin/apanel" PARMS=""Audio Panel
.From the Input menu, select "Microphone" to record audio through the microphone.Click the Monitor checkbox. A checkmark appears to indicate that the monitor is turned on. Audio from the workstation is mixed with audio input from the microphone and recorded to videotape.From the Utilities Menu in the Video Panel, select "Live Video Output." A button labelled Live Video Output appears attached to your cursor.Place the button somewhere on the screen. A window with a white border appears in the upper left-hand corner of your screen. Click and hold down the left mouse button on the window outline. Drag it around the screen to enclose the area that you want to record. NoteYou cannot resize the video output window.To send the entire screen, move the mouse over the Live Video Output button and hold down the right mouse button. Choose "Send Full Screen."Note1280 x 960 lines of the 1280 x 1024 graphics screen are converted to video, so the bottom 64 lines are not recorded.Turn on the flicker filter. Click and hold down the right mouse over the Live Video Input button. Choose "Flicker Filter" from the menu that appears.NoteThe flicker filter reduces flicker on text and graphics that have one-pixel-wide lines. This is a standard problem when converting computer graphics to video. The output picture may appear slightly blurred due to the averaging that makes the one-pixel-wide lines visible on the video output.Push the Record button on the VCR. To add audio, speak into the microphone connected to the VCR.NoteIf you see dropped or duplicate frames, tearing, or motion artifacts, it may be that the graphics and video signals are not synchronized. (Graphics is running at 72Hz and video is running at 50Hz for PAL or 59.94Hz for NTSC.) See IDREF="57703" TYPE="TITLE""Synchronizing Graphics To Video" for information.LBL="" HELPID="Vcp.framelock"ID="57703"Synchronizing Graphics To VideoTo record graphics or display video on a graphics monitor, the video and graphics signals must be generated at the same rate. When you synchronize the signals, you framelock the video and the graphics. Framelocking eliminates tearing and motion artifacts that occur if the video and graphics signals aren't synchronized. Choosing NTSC from the Input Timing field doesn't automatically lock graphics to video. Once you framelock the signals, see IDREF="74608" TYPE="TITLE""Sending Graphics to Video" for information on how to record video and graphics to videotape.Framelock the graphics and video signals using these commands in the UNIX shell:On Indy and Indigo2 XL systems:For PAL video type: setmon -Fg 50(This runs the graphics at 50Hz refresh mode.)For the NTSC video standard, type: setmon -Fg 60This runs the graphics at 60Hz refresh mode.)Adjusting the refresh rate may be enough to eliminate most artifacts. Professional users will want to continue.On Indigo and all Indigo2 graphics except XL:Connect the video source to the graphics board.On Indigo, a BNC connector is provided on the back of the graphics board. On Indigo2, you'll need a miniBNC to BNC adapter. Connect the miniBNC end of the adapter to the back of the graphics board. The adapter is included with your video board option. If you didn't receive an adapter, contact your local sales or support representative.On Galileo Video, connect the BNC end of the adapter to the sync output connector on the breakout box. On all other systems, connect the BNC end of the adapter to the video source.Type the command for the video standard you are using.For PAL, type setmon -Fi 50For NTSC, type setmon - Fi 60Now you are ready to display graphics synchronized to your video input or output graphics without motion artifacts.LBL="" HELPID="Vcp.tools"ID="81176"Using the Command Line Tools To Output and Save Video FramesLaunch the tools described in this section by typing the name of the tool into a Unix shell. From the Desktop toolchest in the upper left corner of you screen, choose "UNIX Shell." Type in the name of the tool at the prompt. For more information on how to use the UNIX shell, see IDREF="29162" BOOK="IRISEssentials" FILE="front.doc" HDG=""IRIS Essentials. See the reference pages for more information about the tools.Command line video tools include:vintovoutSends videoout input to video output. There are three optional parameters: -n devicenumThe number of the video device to use. Use the command vlinfo to find the node number for the device.-o outputnodenumThe number of the output node to use. Use the command vlinfo to find the node number for the device.-IPrint the node and path numbers for use with the command line interface.vlinfoType vlinfo in a shell to see information about video devices. videooutDisplays a rectangular or near full-screen (1280 x 960) area of the screen in a video window. Move the cursor on top of the Live Video Out box and press the right mouse button. The menu that appears lets you choose between a 1:1 or full-screen output. This program is also available from the Utilities menu.Available on Indigo2 Video, Galileo Video, and IndyVideo products.videoinDisplays incoming video in a window. It also sends the incoming video out. This tool is also available from the Utilities menu. Available on Indy, Indy Video, Galileo, and Indigo2 Video products.NoteThe videoin and videoout windows cannot overlap.vidtomemSaves frames from video to disk. Available on all video products. memtovidWrites frames from a file to video. Available on Galileo Video, IndyVideo, and Indigo2 Video products.LBL="" HELPID="Vcp.singleframes"ID="26138"Saving Single FramesTo record individual video or graphics frames, a trigger input mechanism is included with the Galileo and Indigo2 video boards. Access to the trigger mechanism is provided through a line on the digital port. There are two ways to connect to the port:Using the trigger-in BNC connector on the Galileo 601 digital video option box.Using a trigger adapter cable to connect directly to the digital port without using the 601 option box. This cable is included with your video board option. If you didn't receive the trigger adapter cable, contact your sales or support representative for a free one.Connect the trigger BNC connector to an interface box, such as the ALIX box from Videomedia, Inc., or an equivalent VLAN or IVAS interface box, or to a suitable edit controller. The output connector is usually labelled "GPIO." Consult the documentation that came with the edit controller for information on how to use that product.Use the Device Control Pro Panel in the Video Panel to select the controls for pulse polarity, external trigger line number, and the dominance field for the record.If you aren't using a third-party application, use the shell command vidtomem -t to record the frames when the board gets the trigger signal from the edit controller.LBL="" HELPID="Vcp.Propanel"ID="59019"Using the Pro PanelsUsing the Pro Panels, available under the Pro menu, you can control the "professional" settings on the Video Panel. This section contains a list of the different fields and settings available on the Pro Panels. Use the InSight search mechanism to find the term you are looking for. Not all of the settings are available on all platforms.AGCMove the Gain slider back and forth along the slider bar. The image changes to reflect the values you choose. To lock the gain control in place and have the device perform automatic gain control, put a checkmark in the AGC (Automatic Gain Control) box. Anti-DitherRemoves interference between frequency components generated by dithered graphics images and chrominance frequency components present in video signals. This is done with a notch filter in luminance. Recommended only for use when dithering causes a problem. Affects only composite and Y/C out.ApertureSelects different aperture factors for luminance on composite and Y/C inputs.BandpassSelects different aperture bandpass filters for luminance on composite and Y/C inputs.Blank LevelSets the digital level for blanking in the custom table.Black LevelSets the digital level for black in the custom table.Bottom FlutterAvailable only in CCIR sampling. Compensates for horizontal phase jump on the selected line number.B-Y Gain FineControls gain of B-Y component input in fine steps. Useful in tweaking gain or setting to a particular format. Active on Galileo Video only for Y/R-Y/B-Y input.B-Y Gain CoarseControls gain of B-Y component input in coarse steps. Useful in tweaking gain or setting to a particular format. Active on Galileo Video only for Y/R-Y/B-Y input.Chroma AGCChrominance automatic gain control speed for composite or Y/C.Chroma BandSelect standard chrominance bandwidth of about 1.3 MHz or enhanced bandwidth (non-standard) of about 2.5 MHz for composite and Y/C outputs.Chroma DelayAvailable only in CCIR sampling. Changes composite or Y/C chrominance delay without affecting luminance delay. Chroma GainFine adjustment on chroma gain for composite and Y/C inputs.CLUT LoadLoads default table or custom table. Default table gives standard output levels. Custom table allows user to specify nonstandard output levels as defined by the other controls in this panel.Color Out KillMakes composite or Y/C out monochrome, by shutting off color burst and chrominance.Color Kill ThresholdThis setting controls the level at which burst amplitude decides if composite or Y/C input is color or monochrome when "Color Mode" is in Auto.Color modeGives you the following options:Autoname='mdash' font=symbol charset=fontspecific code=190 
			descr='[mdash]'Detects color/monochrome from burst.Mononame='mdash' font=symbol charset=fontspecific code=190 
			descr='[mdash]'Forces monochrome with chroma trap active.Colorname='mdash' font=symbol charset=fontspecific code=190 
			descr='[mdash]'Forces color. Note that monochrome without a trap can be achieved by selecting S-Video input and not connecting C input. Works for composite and Y/C input.ComponentSelects which component table is to be loaded with the custom setup.CoringSelects different coring levels for luminance on composite and Y/C inputs.C GainAdjusts burst and chrominance output level of composite and Y/C simultaneously.First Unblanked Line OutSets the first unblanked line on all analog video outputs.Fine H OffsetSame effect as H Offset but with a narrow range. Resolution is pixel clock steps.Genlock H-phaseIn genlock mode, provides a small range H-phase adjustment for all outputs. In slave lock mode, both H-phase and horizontal picture position are moved on composite and Y/C output. RGB and Y/R-Y/B-Y are unaffected in slave mode. No effect in stand-alone mode.Horizontal PositionControls horizontal position of input picture. For composite and Y/C, resolution is 2 pixel steps. For Y/R-Y/B-Y input, resolution is 1 pixel step.HueAdjusts hue of composite or Y/C input.Luma DelayChanges composite or Y/C luminance delay without affecting chrominance delay.Pixel FormatSet expected peak white amplitude and setup or no setup on black for Y of Y/R-Y/B-Y input. The Beta format uses 714mV/setup. The SMPTE and EBU formats use 700mV/no setup.Prefilter Boosts luminance frequency response on composite andY/C.QuantizationSets the number of quantization levels. Set to maximum for no effect.R-Y Gain FineControls gain of R-Y component input in fine steps. Useful in adjusting gain or setting to a particular format. Active on Galileo Video only for Y/R-Y/B-Y input.R-Y Gain CoarseControls gain of R-Y component input in coarse steps. Useful in tweaking gain or setting to a particular format. Active on Galileo Video only for Y/R-Y/B-Y input.R-Y/B-Y GainSets the color difference gain factor in the custom table.Subcarrier FrequencyFine adjustment of composite and Y/C output color subcarrier frequency. Total range +/- 450ppm. Affects output only in stand-alone mode.Synchronizer ModeShould be used when video input and video output timing are not frequency locked. Removes small timing errors of video input. Can also be used to achieve frame synchronization. SC-H PhaseAdjusts sync-to-subcarrier phase with +/- 180 degree adjustment range.Vertical NoiseSelects the mode of vertical noise reduction.V Offset and H OffsetActive in genlock and internal mode. For composite and Y/C, output moves picture position relative to sync. For RGB and Y/R-Y/B-Y output, it is a wide range H-phase and V-phase control. It delays timing of the entire video signal (sync and picture) relative to selected timing reference such as genlock input.White LevelSets the digital level for white in the custom table.Y/C GainAdjusts output level (sync, burst, luminance and chrominance) of composite and Y/C simultaneously.LBL="" HELPID="Vcp.troubleshooting"ID="75870"Troubleshooting Problems With VideoConsult the list in this section if you encounter problems trying to display video on your workstation screen. If no video appears:Make sure the camera or device is properly connected to the workstation and turned on.Make sure you have selected the proper port for input.If the video is of poor quality:Make sure the NTSC or PAL and composite or S-video settings match those of your input source by clicking on them again.Put a checkmark in the Lock to VTR checkbox if your source is not a camera.Try restoring the factory settings. If you don't hear the audio input:Make sure one end of an audio cable is plugged into the video device and the other end is plugged into Line In on the back of your workstation.Open the Audio Control Panel to make sure Monitor is on, the volume is properly adjusted, and "Line" is selected.If the video is black and white you may have plugged in a composite camera but selected S-video.If you can't get a stable video out, select internal mode if no video input source is connected.If black lines appear at the bottom of the screen, choose the NTSC or PAL standard format before running the application.See the release notes for other potential problems and solutions.LBL="2"ID="11434"Audio PanelThis chapter includes the following sections:IDREF="34092" TYPE="TITLE""Audio Panel Overview"IDREF="45723" TYPE="TITLE""Creating and Saving Audio Files"IDREF="42315" TYPE="TITLE""Adjusting Input and Output Rates"IDREF="14681" TYPE="TITLE""Adjusting the Speaker and Headphone Volume"IDREF="63801" TYPE="TITLE""Using a Stereo Microphone"IDREF="94681" TYPE="TITLE""Enabling Four Channel Sound"IDREF="68189" TYPE="TITLE""Selecting an Input Source"IDREF="80938" TYPE="TITLE""Adjusting the Input Levels"IDREF="54914" TYPE="TITLE""Selecting a Sampling Rate"IDREF="82876" TYPE="TITLE""Turning Off Desktop Sounds"IDREF="97694" TYPE="TITLE""Turning On Key Click"IDREF="78052" TYPE="TITLE""Using Presenter Audio"LBL="" HELPID="apanel.about"ID="34092"Audio Panel OverviewThe Audio Panel lets you adjust the audio parametersname='mdash' font=symbol charset=fontspecific code=190 
			descr='[mdash]'such as the volume and sampling ratesname='mdash' font=symbol charset=fontspecific code=190 
			descr='[mdash]'of audio coming into your system. Use it to set up and control microphones, CD players, and other audio devices connected to your workstation. Open the Audio Panel by clicking the words APP="/usr/sbin/apanel" PARMS=""Audio Pane
l. Once you set the workstation to record or playback audio, use other media tools, such as Sound Editor and Capture, to record audio for use in movies or online presentations. Click the words APP="/usr/sbin/soundeditor" PARMS=""Sound Editor
 and APP="/usr/sbin/capture" PARMS=""Capture
 to open those applications. The Audio Panel is installed automatically if you have audio capabilities on your workstation. The Audio Panel is shown in IDREF="93609" TYPE="GRAPHIC"Figure 2-1. FILE="apanel.bw" POSITION="INLINE" SCALE="FALSE"LBL="2-1"Figure 2-1 ID="93609"Audio PanelLBL="" HELPID="apanel.help"ID="81515"Adjusting Audio ParametersID="38341"Use the commands available from the Menu Bar to adjust the audio parameters. There are five commands: File, Input, Rate, Options, and Help. These sections describe how to use the different commands in the Menu Bar:IDREF="45723" TYPE="TITLE""Creating and Saving Audio Files"IDREF="68189" TYPE="TITLE""Selecting an Input Source"IDREF="42315" TYPE="TITLE""Adjusting Input and Output Rates"IDREF="10249" TYPE="TITLE""Separating Ganged Sliders"LBL="" HELPID="apanel.file"ID="45723"Creating and Saving Audio FilesThe File menu contains the commands that let you open and save files:NewOpens a new file.OpenOpens an existing file.SaveSaves a file.Save as...Saves the current file with a new name.QuitCloses the Audio Panel.LBL="" HELPID="apanel.rates"ID="42315"Adjusting Input and Output RatesUse the Rates menu to control the input and output sampling rates. Input RateChoose the sampling rate for audio you are recording. Choose the same sampling rate as that of the source media. If you are recording from digital media, the input sampling rate is set automatically to the rate of the incoming digital data.Output RateChoose the sampling rate for audio you are recording. See IDREF="54914" TYPE="TITLE""Selecting a Sampling Rate" for more information on how to choose the appropriate sampling rate for audio recordings.LBL="" HELPID="apanel.volume"ID="14681"Adjusting the Speaker and Headphone Volume The Speaker sliders marked L and R control the volume of the left and right output channels. The resulting sound is sent out through the single built-in speaker. If you have headphones connected to the headphone jack, the left and right sliders control the left and right headphone levels. Adjust the Speaker levels to control the speaker and headphone volume.ID="38670"LBL="" HELPID="apanel.options"ID="10249"Separating Ganged SlidersThe Audio Panel is set so that a single slider adjusts the right and left input levels simultaneously. You can separate the sliders so that you can adjust the left and right levels independently. Select the Options menu and choose "Input Sliders Independent."ID="38670"A single slider also adjusts the right and left speaker levels simultaneously. You can separate the sliders so you can adjust the left and right levels independently. Select the Options menu and choose "Output Sliders Independent".LBL="" HELPID="apanel.mute"ID="97790"Muting the SpeakersClick the Mute checkbox to mute the headphone jack and internal speaker.LBL="" HELPID="apanel.stereomic"ID="63801"Using a Stereo MicrophoneThe microphone that ships standard with Indy and Indigo workstations is a monophonic microphone. If you have a stereo microphone hooked up, select the Options menu and choose "Stereo Microphone." The Audio Panel resizes automatically to accommodate the additional input sliders. LBL="" HELPID="apanel.4channel"ID="94681"Enabling Four Channel SoundIf you have an Indigo2 workstation or an Indy workstation you can use four channel stereo mode. Select the Options menu and choose "Four Channel Mode". This allows you to record in stereo. LBL="" HELPID="apanel.source"ID="68189"Selecting an Input SourceUse the Input menu to select your audio input source. MicrophonePut a checkmark in the Microphone box if you want to record from a microphone connected to the mic jack on the back of your workstation.LinePut a checkmark in the Line checkbox if you want to record from an audio device connected to the line-in jack on the back of your workstation.DigitalPut a checkmark in the Digital checkbox if you want to record from a digital audio device connected to the digital jack on the back of your workstation.See the Indy or Indigo2 owner's guides for information on how to hardware to your workstation.LBL="" HELPID="apanel.levels"ID="80938"Adjusting the Input LevelsWhen you record from a microphone or a device connected to the line-in jack, the workstation converts the audio signal from analog to digital. To convert the signal into the best possible digital data, adjust the input levels to weaken or amplify the signal, according to the sounds you want to hear. The input levels affect only those signals that are converted from analog to digital, so adjusting the input sliders won't have any effect on digital input. Follow these steps to adjust the input levels for hardware connected to the line-in and microphone jacks:Click the Meter checkbox to display the signal range.If you are setting the microphone input levels, click the Monitor checkbox to hear the audio as you adjust it.Audition your audio.If you are recording from a microphone, utter a test message such as, "I will speak at this level consistently at this distance from the microphone."Adjust the input sliders until the meter displays green and often yellow without reaching into the range of red. See IDREF="14681" TYPE="TITLE""Adjusting the Speaker and Headphone Volume" to separate sliders so you can adjust them independently.If the meter displays only green, the levels are too low.If the meter displays any red, the levels are too high.If the meter displays green into yellow, the levels are correct.If your recordings contain too much environment noise, move the microphone closer to your mouth and readjust the input levels. If your recordings contain too much breath puff on words that begin with P and B, move the microphone further from your mouth and speak over the microphone, rather than into it.LBL="" HELPID="apanel.monitoring"ID="67234"Monitoring the Input LevelsClick the Monitor checkbox to hear the audio as you speak into the microphone. See IDREF="80938" TYPE="TITLE""Adjusting the Input Levels," for more information on how to adjust the input levels to make clear recordings.Click the Meter checkbox to see the audio range as you speak into the microphone. See IDREF="80938" TYPE="TITLE""Adjusting the Input Levels," for more information on how adjust the input levels to make a clear recording.LBL="" HELPID="apanel.sampling"ID="54914"Selecting a Sampling RateWhen an audio signal comes into your workstation, the workstation converts it from analog to digital. The sampling rate determines the rate at which samples are taken from the analog signal and sets the upper limit on the high frequency content of your recording. Choosing the appropriate sampling rate for the audio you are recording helps prevent distortion in your recording. Telephones use an 8 kHz (kilohertz) sampling rate, which is adequate for voice-quality audio. Compact discs use a 44.1 kHz sampling rate, which is necessary for music-quality sound. The highest frequency in your recording may be half the sampling rate. For example, the highest frequency in a telephone signal can be 4 kHz because the sampling rate is 8 kHz. Recordings made at an 8 kHz sampling rate will be muffled, while recordings made at a higher sampling rate will be clearer.Higher sampling rates yield better recordings but require more disk space. A 16-bit stereo recording at 44.1 kHz requires almost 53 megabytes of storage. Using audio data compression is a better way to save disk space than recording audio at low sampling rates. See the reference (manual) pages for aifccompress and sfconvert.When recording digital input, the sampling rate is determined by the source of the sound. For example, a CD player with a digital output jack sends information at 44.1 kHz. The workstation automatically locks to that rate.Once you have recorded at a low sampling rate, you cannot recover the original signal. If the quality of your recording is important, record at the same sampling rate as the source media and adjust the sampling rate down incrementally with Sound Editor to save storage space. If you are monitoring the recording and the sound is distorted, make sure that the input and output sampling rates are the same. Use the default sampling rate if you don't have a preference.NoteSampling rate is a global setting. Changing it affects all other audio processes that are running.To adjust the sampling rate:Select the Rate menu and choose "Output Rate."Select the rate that most closely matches the sampling rate of the input. The input sampling rate is determined by the maker of the media you are recording from. To see what the input rate is, select the Rate menu and choose "Input Rate" from the menu. The input rate has a blue checkmark in the checkbox.LBL="" HELPID="apanel.sounds"ID="82876"Turning Off Desktop SoundsDesktop sounds are the sounds you hear when you perform certain actions, such as double-clicking an icon or emptying the dumpster. Your system ships with desktop sounds turned on. You can turn off these sounds by using the Desktop Settings control panel. To open the panel, click on the word APP="/usr/sbin/capture" PARMS=""APP="/usr/sbin/desktop" PARMS=""Desktop
.To turn off the audio feedback:Click the button next to "Desktop Sounds".Click the Close button to close the panel.Desktop sound stops immediately for some applications. For others, you need to log out and log back in before the sound stops.LBL="" HELPID="apanel.click"ID="97694"Turning On Key ClickKey click is a clicking sound you hear when you type on your keyboard. Your system ships with the key click turned off. You can turn key click on or off using the Keyboard Settings control panel. To open the panel, click the word APP="/usr/sbin/keyboard" PARMS=""Keyboard
. To turn on the key click:Click the button next to "Key Click." A red checkmark appears in the box. Click the Close button to close the control panel.LBL="" HELPID="apanel.presenter"ID="78052"Using Presenter AudioThe Presenter LCD flat panel display product features additional audio output. A "Presenter Audio" commands appears in the Options menu if you have Presenter installed on your workstation.The dual output sliders are collectively ganged with the primary Audio Panel output sliders. The Tone command adjusts the brightness of the sound.LBL="A"ID="90879"Video Control Panel for Indigo WorkstationsThis chapter contains these sections:IDREF="18320" TYPE="TITLE""About Video Control Panel for Indigo Workstations"IDREF="48480" TYPE="TITLE""Setting Up Video Equipment"IDREF="83641" TYPE="TITLE""The Video Control Panel Display"IDREF="96831" TYPE="TITLE""Adjusting the Video Display"IDREF="31095" TYPE="TITLE""Troubleshooting Problems with Video"LBL="" HELPID=""ID="18320"About Video Control Panel for Indigo WorkstationsThis appendix describes the Video Control Panel that appears on an Indigo workstation or on an Indigo workstation with Indigo Video.If you are working on an Indy workstation, an Indigo workstation with Galileo Video, or an Indigo2 workstation with Galileo Video or Indigo2 Video, see IDREF="77100" TYPE="TITLE"Chapter 1, "Video Panel."LBL="" HELPID=""ID="48480"Setting Up Video EquipmentTo display video on your workstation screen, you must connect the video equipment and set the software to recognize it. Connect the video equipment to the video input and output ports on the back of your Indigo workstation.See the IRIS Indigo VideoÔ Board Installation Guide for instructions.From the Options menu choose "Change Source Attributes..."The Change Source Attributes form appears. See IDREF="23307" TYPE="GRAPHIC"Figure A-1.NoteMidway down the Video Control Panel, note the label "Source" followed by three buttons. Each button represents an input port on the back of the workstation. The three video input ports are assigned names. You can change the names to match your configuration. See IDREF="14487" TYPE="TITLE""Renaming a Video Source" .FILE="appb-1.bw" POSITION="INLINE" SCALE="FALSE"LBL="A-1"Figure A-1 ID="23307"The Change Source Attributes FormFor each piece of video equipment, click the button for either NTSC or PAL. As a guideline: video equipment in the United States uses the NTSC standard. If you are unsure which option to choose, check the documentation that came with your video equipment.Check the back of the workstation to see whether the cable is plugged into the Composite or S-video input port.Click the Composite or S-video button on the form.Click the Accept button when you are finished.LBL="" HELPID=""ID="83641"The Video Control Panel DisplayThe Video Control Panel is split into three main regions, as shown in IDREF="84854" TYPE="GRAPHIC"Figure A-2.The top region contains the Monitor control and a small window. The window allows you to view the video coming in from the equipment attached to your workstation. The middle region contains controls. Use these controls to grab frames of video and turn them into images, and to select an input source.The bottom region contains buttons and dials that let you adjust the video display.FILE="appb-2.bw" POSITION="INLINE" SCALE="FALSE"LBL="A-2"Figure A-2 ID="84854"Video Control Panel on Indigo workstationsLBL="" HELPID=""ID="96831"Adjusting the Video DisplayYou can adjust the hue, color, and dithering of the video display using the Video Control Panel.To adjust the hue, press the left mouse button over the button labeled "Hue." Continue pressing the mouse button and twist it to the right and left to change the values. Move the cursor away from the dial to fine-tune the setting.To change the display to black and white, click the button next to "Black & White." A red checkmark appears in the box and the display changes. To revert to a color display, click the box again; the checkmark disappears.To turn dithering on and off, click the button next to "Dither." Dithering removes irregularities in the display. A red checkmark appears when dithering is enabled. NoteA Video Pro Panel lets experienced users fine-tune the video signal. See IDREF="23314" TYPE="TITLE""Opening the Video Pro Panel".LBL="" HELPID=""ID="23314"Opening the Video Pro PanelThe Video Pro Panel lets experienced users fine-tune the video signal. To get to the Pro Panel, pull down the Utilities menu and choose "Video Pro Panel."Click the Help button at the bottom of the Video Pro Panel for instructions on using the controls that the panel provides.LBL="" HELPID=""ID="57815"Recording VideoYou can use the Video Control Panel to record an images from your workstation screen. To do so, you must have an IRIS IndigoVideo board installed in and video equipment connected to your workstation. See the IRIS IndigoVideo Board Installation Guide for details. Open a video output window.From the Utilities menu, choose "Live Video Output..." Position the outline where you want the window to appear, then click the left mouse button. The window appears along with a red window outline.Move the window with the red outline so that it encloses the area of the screen that you want to send to video. (To move the window, place the cursor on the red border, then press the left mouse button and drag.)NoteYou can not resize the video output window.Place the cursor over the window, then press the right mouse button.Select "Send Screen" from the pop-up menu that appears. See also IDREF="28093" TYPE="TITLE""Commands on the Live Video Output Window Menu."Turn on the video equipment to record or broadcast the video signal.LBL="" HELPID=""ID="14487"Renaming a Video SourceMidway down the Video Control Panel, you see the label "Source" followed by three buttons. Each button represents an input port on the back of the workstation. By default, the three video input port buttons are assigned these names:1: Camera2: VCR 13: VCR 2You can change the names of the sources. Suppose you decide to plug a VCR into port 1 and a Sony camera into port 2.From the Options menu choose "Change Source Attributes..." The window shown in IDREF="23307" TYPE="GRAPHIC"Figure A-1 appears.Select the text in field 1 and type:VCRSelect the text in field 2 and type:Sony CameraClick the Accept button. The window disappears; the Video Control Panel now shows the new names.LBL="" HELPID=""ID="28093"Commands on the Live Video Output Window MenuIDREF="57815" TYPE="TITLE""Recording Video" describes how to open a live video output window and choose the "Send Screen" command from the pop-up menu. This section lists the other options on the pop-up menu.COLUMNS="2"LBL="A-1"Table A-1 Commands on the Live Video Output Window MenuLEFT="0" WIDTH="153"Command LEFT="160" WIDTH="153"DescriptionLEFT="0" WIDTH="153""Send Screen"LEFT="160" WIDTH="153"Choose this option to record 
something from the graphics 
monitor.LEFT="0" WIDTH="153""Send Black"LEFT="160" WIDTH="153"Choose this option to send black out 
to video.LEFT="0" WIDTH="153""Send Color Bars"LEFT="160" WIDTH="153"Choose this option to send color bars 
out to video. Color bars are used for 
color calibration.LEFT="0" WIDTH="153""Filter Video Output"LEFT="160" WIDTH="153"Choose this option to filter the video 
signal. Filtering improves the quality 
of certain images. As a general rule, 
filtering improves images that are 
shaded. You need to experiment to 
see whether it improves the video 
you are creating.LEFT="0" WIDTH="153""Quit"LEFT="160" WIDTH="153"Choose this option to close the Live 
Video Output window.LBL="" HELPID=""Turning Video Into ImagesYou can grab a frame of video and turn it into an image. Use the "Set Grab Frame Filename..." command and the Freeze and Grab Frame buttons on the Video Control Panel.From the Options menu choose "Set Grab Frame Filename..." A File Browser appears.Move to the directory  where you want the image stored. Type in name for the image and press the Accept button.If you don't specify a filename, the image is saved as out.rgb.To grab a sequence of frames, on the File Browser click the "Auto-increment" button. Auto-increment appends a number to the specified filename; each time you grab a frame of video, it adds 1 to the number. For example, you get filenames such as out.rgb.000, out.rgb.001, and out.rgb.002.Click the Freeze button to freeze the video on the frame you want to save. This step is also optional; you can grab a frame of video without freezing it first.Click the Grab Frame button. The cursor turns into a watch. It returns to its original shape when the frame has been saved.LBL="" HELPID=""Playing Video Using Video Control PanelYou must have an IRIS IndigoVideo board installed in and video equipment connected to your Indigo workstation. See the IRIS IndigoVideo Board Installation Guide for details.To display video on your workstation screen, follow these steps:Select the device you want to use as the sourcename='mdash' font=symbol charset=fontspecific code=190 
			descr='[mdash]'that is, the device that contains or generates the video you want to display. Midway down the Video Control Pane,l identify the label Source followed by three buttons, one for each input port on the back of the workstation.Click the button next to the device you want to use. A blue triangle appears next to the source you have selected.Open a video input window.From the Utilities menu, choose "Live Video Input..." The outline of a window appears.Position the outline where you want the window to appear, then click the left mouse button.NoteYou can have only one video input window on an Indigo workstation.Use the controls on your camera or VCR to play and stop the video in that window.For information about the different command line tools you can use to display and save video, see Chapter 2, Video Panel, IDREF="81176" TYPE="TITLE""Using the Command Line Tools To Output and Save Video Frames".LBL="" HELPID="Vpanel.troubleshoot"ID="31095"Troubleshooting Problems with VideoSee Chapter 2, Video Panel, IDREF="31095" TYPE="TITLE""Troubleshooting Problems with Video".ID="69569"GlossaryanalogA video signal in which a continuously variable voltage or current (rather than a set of numbers) represents the value of a pixel.audioThe sound portion of a program, or, a track recorded on a videotape which contains sound, music, or narration. black burstA video signal which has no luminance or chrominance components (except burst), but contains all other elements of a video signal. Black burst is the most common reference signal used for timing.brightnessSame as the luminance signal (Y), which carries information about the amount of light at each point in an image.B-YBlue minus Y. B-Y signals are used in analog component videotape recording formats.CCIRComite Consultatif International des Radio-Communications. An organization formed by the United Nations to regulate international communications.CCIR-601CCIR recommendation number 601, which sets a standard of encoding parameters for digital television.chroma keyThe process of using a video signal's color characteristics to do the "cutting" of a foreground image into a background image. Allows the weatherman to appear to stand in front of a satellite image.chrominanceThe color information in a composite video signal. Describes hue and saturation of a picture, but not the brightness. The signals R-Y and B-Y are examples of chrominance information.color correctionA process in which the color elements in a video image are changed by electronic means. Color correction is almost always used in conjunction with high-end film-to-tape transfers.component videoVideo whose original elements are retained separately rather than combined into a single signal (composite video). Separating the color components yields a signal with a higher color bandwidth than that of composite video.composite videoAn signal consisting of combined luminance and chrominance components. Composite video can be either analog or digital.digitalComponent signals in which the values for each pixel are represented by a set of numbers.formatThe general configuration of signals used for equipment interconnection.frameIn video, conceptually the same as one frame of film, except that a video frame is electronic. In NTSC, 30 frames comprise a second of video. In PAL, 25 frames comprise a second. In both standards, two fields comprise a frame. Note that in film, 24 frames comprise a second.genlockVideo output timing is locked to a selected source.Hi-8mmAn 8mm recording format developed by Sony; accepts composite and S-Video signals.internal Video output timing runs independent of any inputs. Should be used when no video input is available.luminanceThe monochrome component of a color video signal. Called the "Y" components as in R-Y and B-Y.MIDIMusical Instrument Digital Interface. MIDI is the serial communications of the audio industry, which allows a wide range of music and audio effects devices to interface cleanly.NTSCNational Television Standards Committee: The organization which formulated the NTSC system. Refers to the US, Canadian, and Japanese TV standard of 525 scan lines at 60 Hz.PALPhase Alternate Line: A composite color standard of 625 lines, 50 Hz, used in Asia, Europe, and Australia.PAL-MA version of the PAL system used only in Brazil. RGBred, green, and blue color signal components.R-YRed minus Y. One of the color difference signals of the analog component video format.slaveVideo output timing is determined from video input timing and internal signal path delays.SMPTESociety of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. SMPTE sets standards for the professional film and video industry.sourceThe tape or device from which a video or audio signal originates.standardThe specific signal configuration, composed of reference pulses and voltage levels, which describe the input and output requirements of a video signal. S-VHS, S-videoVideo format in which the Y (luminance) and C (chrominance) portions of the signal are kept separate. Also known as Y/C.VINOVideo In No Out. This is the standard video capability of an Indy workstation. The workstation will accept video input but does not create video output. Video input can be saved to disk but cannot be output to videotape.videoThe picture portion of a program, or, the picture track recorded on a videotape. A videotape typically contains one video (picture) track, up to four audio (sound) tracks, and one timecode track.wipeA transition whereby one portion of a video image is replaced with another, using a switcher-generated pattern or effect.YThe luminance signal in a component set.Y/CThe S-VHS and Hi8 component video standard. Video is separated into luminance (Y) and chrominance (C) signals, but is carried on a single cable.Y/R-Y/B-YThe luminance and color difference signals of the Betacam component video tape recording format. See R-Y and B-Y.YUVThe luminance and color difference signals of the PAL system. See Y/R-Y/B-Y.